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Human IL-1β (163-171) is a nine-residue cytokine fragment with the sequence Val-Gln-Gly-Glu-Glu-Ser-Asn-Asp-Lys (VQGEESNDK).
This surface-loop sequence was identified in foundational studies as an immunostimulatory region of human IL-1β that could be experimentally separated from several of the inflammatory responses produced by the complete cytokine.
Product Information
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Product Name | IL-1β (163-171), Human |
| Catalog No. | AS2603 |
| CAS No. | 106021-96-9 |
| Sequence | Val-Gln-Gly-Glu-Glu-Ser-Asn-Asp-Lys |
| One-Letter Sequence | VQGEESNDK |
| Peptide Length | 9 amino-acid residues |
| Molecular Formula | C39H64N12O19 |
| Molecular Weight | Approximately 1005.0 Da |
| Protein Context | Human IL-1β residues 163-171 |
| Research Areas | Immunostimulation, cytokine functional domains, immune-response research |
An Immunostimulatory IL-1β Domain
Early structure–function studies identified VQGEESNDK as a region capable of promoting immune responses without reproducing several inflammatory properties associated with intact IL-1β.
In experimental mouse systems, the synthetic fragment enhanced T-cell-associated immune responses and antibody production. Separate studies reported that it did not reproduce IL-1β-associated pyrogenic activity or several inflammatory metabolic responses under the tested conditions.
This functional separation makes IL-1β (163-171) a useful research tool for investigating how different regions of a multifunctional cytokine contribute to distinct biological outputs.
Full-Length IL-1β and the 163-171 Fragment
The nonapeptide should not be described as a miniature replacement for the complete IL-1β protein. Full-length IL-1β has a folded three-dimensional structure and engages IL-1 receptor signaling through a much larger molecular interface.
We recommend using VQGEESNDK when the experimental question specifically concerns IL-1β functional-domain mapping, immunostimulatory sequence effects or peptide-based immune modulation.
Research Applications
The peptide can support cytokine structure–function studies, immune-response experiments, peptide adjuvant research and comparative studies involving full-length IL-1β or sequence-control peptides.
Related cytokine-derived sequences are available in our Immunomodulatory Peptides collection.
Experimental Considerations
Historical biological data for this fragment were generated primarily in defined animal and ex vivo immune models. Activity should therefore be validated in the specific species, cell population and assay system being used.
For immune-cell experiments, we recommend defining purity and contamination requirements before use. Researchers can review our Recommended Peptide Purity guidance when planning sensitive assays.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the sequence of human IL-1β (163-171)?
The sequence is VQGEESNDK.
Does this peptide reproduce all effects of full-length IL-1β?
No. Foundational studies specifically demonstrated separation between several immunostimulatory effects and inflammatory responses of the complete cytokine.
Can scrambled or point-mutant controls be synthesized?
Scrambled sequences, alanine substitutions and other controls can be evaluated through Chemical Peptide Synthesis.